JasonWang's Blog

Glide详解之图片加载过程分析

Android Glide 图片加载
字数统计: 2.9k阅读时长: 14 min
2017/05/30

在之前的一篇文章(Glide架构分析 )中介绍了Glide的具体原理。这篇文章，用一个下载图片的示例来说明Glide加载图片的整个过程。以下是用Glide从网络上加载一个图片的代码片段：

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Glide
  .with(activity) // Activity
  .load(url)
  .centerCrop()
  .placeholder(R.drawable.loading_spinner)
  .crossFade()
  .into(myImageView);

大致说来，在Glide中图片的加载有如下几个过程：

  • 产生一个图片加载的请求GenericRequest<T>;
  • 将图片加载请求发送给资源引擎中心Engine,由其负责资源的加载以及数据解码任务的管理；
  • EngineRunnable首先尝试从DISK加载资源，完成后进行回调，将数据加载到ImageView中；
  • 磁盘中没有请求对应的资源，则尝试从网络端下载，并解码完成后回调，将数据加载到Target对象；

现在就来详细的看下Glide加载图片的整个过程。

产生图片加载请求

调用Glide.with(activity)产生一个RequestManager，用来负责管理和启动数据加载请求。

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public static RequestManager with(Activity activity) {
    RequestManagerRetriever retriever = RequestManagerRetriever.get();
    return retriever.get(activity);
}

在RequestManagerRetriever产生RequestMananger时，会启动一个没有视图对象的Fragment用以自动管理Glide中加载请求的生命周期：

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RequestManager fragmentGet(Context context, android.app.FragmentManager fm) {
    RequestManagerFragment current = getRequestManagerFragment(fm);
    RequestManager requestManager = current.getRequestManager();
    if (requestManager == null) {
        requestManager = new RequestManager(context, current.getLifecycle(), current.getRequestManagerTreeNode());
        current.setRequestManager(requestManager);
    }
    return requestManager;
}

@TargetApi(Build.VERSION_CODES.JELLY_BEAN_MR1)
RequestManagerFragment getRequestManagerFragment(final android.app.FragmentManager fm) {
    RequestManagerFragment current = (RequestManagerFragment) fm.findFragmentByTag(FRAGMENT_TAG);
    if (current == null) {
        current = pendingRequestManagerFragments.get(fm);
        if (current == null) {
            current = new RequestManagerFragment();
            pendingRequestManagerFragments.put(fm, current);
            fm.beginTransaction().add(current, FRAGMENT_TAG).commitAllowingStateLoss();
            handler.obtainMessage(ID_REMOVE_FRAGMENT_MANAGER, fm).sendToTarget();
        }
    }
    return current;
}


继续调用RequestManager.load(url),RequestMananger开始着手创建新的图片加载请求DrawableTypeRequest<String>：

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public DrawableTypeRequest<String> load(String string) {
    return (DrawableTypeRequest<String>) fromString().load(string);
}

public DrawableTypeRequest<String> fromString() {
    return loadGeneric(String.class);
}

private <T> DrawableTypeRequest<T> loadGeneric(Class<T> modelClass) {
    // 数据加载器，Glide默认的是HttpUrlGlideUrlLoader
    ModelLoader<T, InputStream> streamModelLoader = Glide.buildStreamModelLoader(modelClass, context);
    ModelLoader<T, ParcelFileDescriptor> fileDescriptorModelLoader =
            Glide.buildFileDescriptorModelLoader(modelClass, context);
    ....

    return optionsApplier.apply(
            new DrawableTypeRequest<T>(modelClass, streamModelLoader, fileDescriptorModelLoader, context,
                    glide, requestTracker, lifecycle, optionsApplier));
}

通过DrawableTypeRequest，可以配置图片加载时的参数，如图片显示位置(fitCenter;centerCrop),图片加载的优先级priority,设置下载之前的占位符图片placeholder()，以及图片下载失败时的图片error():

这些参数配置功能均在DrawableRequestBuilder

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@Override
public DrawableRequestBuilder<ModelType> priority(Priority priority) {
    super.priority(priority);
    return this;
}

@SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
public DrawableRequestBuilder<ModelType> centerCrop() {
    return transform(glide.getDrawableCenterCrop());
}

@SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
public DrawableRequestBuilder<ModelType> fitCenter() {
    return transform(glide.getDrawableFitCenter());
}

public final DrawableRequestBuilder<ModelType> crossFade() {
    super.animate(new DrawableCrossFadeFactory<GlideDrawable>());
    return this;
}

@Override
public DrawableRequestBuilder<ModelType> error(int resourceId) {
    super.error(resourceId);
    return this;
}

至此，图片加载请求就完成了。此时调用into(ImageView)，Glide就可以准备加载图片了。在GenericRequestBuilder中，调用into(ImageView)时首先会将ImageView包装成一个Target<R>,这里的资源类型R是GlideDrawable:

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public Target<TranscodeType> into(ImageView view) {
    Util.assertMainThread();
    if (view == null) {
        throw new IllegalArgumentException("You must pass in a non null View");
    }

    if (!isTransformationSet && view.getScaleType() != null) {
        switch (view.getScaleType()) {
            case CENTER_CROP:
                applyCenterCrop();
                break;
            case FIT_CENTER:
            case FIT_START:
            case FIT_END:
                applyFitCenter();
                break;
            //$CASES-OMITTED$
            default:
                // Do nothing.
        }
    }

    return into(glide.buildImageViewTarget(view, transcodeClass));
}

Glide调用ImageViewTargetFactory来生成一个Target对象，这里实际创建的是一个GlideDrawableImageViewTarget对象：

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public class ImageViewTargetFactory {

    @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
    public <Z> Target<Z> buildTarget(ImageView view, Class<Z> clazz) {
        if (GlideDrawable.class.isAssignableFrom(clazz)) {
            return (Target<Z>) new GlideDrawableImageViewTarget(view);
        } else if (Bitmap.class.equals(clazz)) {
            return (Target<Z>) new BitmapImageViewTarget(view);
        } else if (Drawable.class.isAssignableFrom(clazz)) {
            return (Target<Z>) new DrawableImageViewTarget(view);
        } else {
            throw new IllegalArgumentException("Unhandled class: " + clazz
                    + ", try .as*(Class).transcode(ResourceTranscoder)");
        }
    }
}

调用into(Target)，在这里生成一个Request,并将其传递给RequestTracker执行。

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public <Y extends Target<TranscodeType>> Y into(Y target) {
    Util.assertMainThread();
    ....
    Request previous = target.getRequest();

    if (previous != null) {
        previous.clear();
        requestTracker.removeRequest(previous);
        previous.recycle();
    }
    // 产生图片加载请求
    Request request = buildRequest(target);
    target.setRequest(request);
    lifecycle.addListener(target);
    requestTracker.runRequest(request);

    return target;
}

启动图片加载

调用RequestTracker.runRequest，保存该Request到队列中，如果当前状态没有处于paused，则直接调用Request.begin,启动Request:

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public void runRequest(Request request) {
    requests.add(request);
    if (!isPaused) {
        request.begin();
    } else {
        pendingRequests.add(request);
    }
}

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@Override
public void begin() {
    startTime = LogTime.getLogTime();
    if (model == null) {
        onException(null);
        return;
    }

    status = Status.WAITING_FOR_SIZE;
    if (Util.isValidDimensions(overrideWidth, overrideHeight)) {
        onSizeReady(overrideWidth, overrideHeight);
    } else {
        target.getSize(this);
    }

    if (!isComplete() && !isFailed() && canNotifyStatusChanged()) {
        target.onLoadStarted(getPlaceholderDrawable());
    }
}

如果图片给定的尺寸大小有效，则从FixedLoadProvider中获取一个数据加载器（在构造DrawableTypeRequest时由Glide创建），并将其作为参数传入Engine进行图片加载：

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@Override
public void onSizeReady(int width, int height) {
    ....
    status = Status.RUNNING;

    width = Math.round(sizeMultiplier * width);
    height = Math.round(sizeMultiplier * height);

    ModelLoader<A, T> modelLoader = loadProvider.getModelLoader();
    final DataFetcher<T> dataFetcher = modelLoader.getResourceFetcher(model, width, height);
    ....
    ResourceTranscoder<Z, R> transcoder = loadProvider.getTranscoder();
    ....
    loadedFromMemoryCache = true;
    // 调用load进行图片加载
    loadStatus = engine.load(signature, width, height, dataFetcher, loadProvider, transformation, transcoder,
            priority, isMemoryCacheable, diskCacheStrategy, this);
    loadedFromMemoryCache = resource != null;
    
}

加载图片，如果缓存中有，则直接回调返回该资源；或者Engine中有保存的活跃资源（之前提交了Request但尚未被释放的资源）也会直接返回该资源。否则需要从DISK或者网络端进行加载：

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public <T, Z, R> LoadStatus load(Key signature, int width, int height, DataFetcher<T> fetcher,
        DataLoadProvider<T, Z> loadProvider, Transformation<Z> transformation, ResourceTranscoder<Z, R> transcoder,
        Priority priority, boolean isMemoryCacheable, DiskCacheStrategy diskCacheStrategy, ResourceCallback cb) {
    Util.assertMainThread();

    final String id = fetcher.getId();
    EngineKey key = keyFactory.buildKey(id, signature, width, height, loadProvider.getCacheDecoder(),
            loadProvider.getSourceDecoder(), transformation, loadProvider.getEncoder(),
            transcoder, loadProvider.getSourceEncoder());
    // cache中已经包含
    EngineResource<?> cached = loadFromCache(key, isMemoryCacheable);
    if (cached != null) {
        cb.onResourceReady(cached);
        if (Log.isLoggable(TAG, Log.VERBOSE)) {
            logWithTimeAndKey("Loaded resource from cache", startTime, key);
        }
        return null;
    }
    // 活跃资源中包含该请求所需资源
    EngineResource<?> active = loadFromActiveResources(key, isMemoryCacheable);
    if (active != null) {
        cb.onResourceReady(active);
        if (Log.isLoggable(TAG, Log.VERBOSE)) {
            logWithTimeAndKey("Loaded resource from active resources", startTime, key);
        }
        return null;
    }

    EngineJob current = jobs.get(key);
    ....
    EngineJob engineJob = engineJobFactory.build(key, isMemoryCacheable);
    DecodeJob<T, Z, R> decodeJob = new DecodeJob<T, Z, R>(key, width, height, fetcher, loadProvider, transformation,
            transcoder, diskCacheProvider, diskCacheStrategy, priority);
    // EngineRunnable负责图片下载，解码
    EngineRunnable runnable = new EngineRunnable(engineJob, decodeJob, priority);
    jobs.put(key, engineJob);
    engineJob.addCallback(cb);
    // 开始执行图片加载
    engineJob.start(runnable);
    
    return new LoadStatus(cb, engineJob);
}


将EngineRunnable可执行对象放入一个优先级线程池FifoPriorityThreadPoolExecutor中执行：

两个线程池均在GlideBuilder创建，然后传给Engine的构造函数

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public void start(EngineRunnable engineRunnable) {
    this.engineRunnable = engineRunnable;
    future = diskCacheService.submit(engineRunnable);
}

由于EngineRunnable的初始状态为CACHE,因此首先会尝试从DISK的缓存中加载资源，如果加载成功，则直接回调返回该资源给上层调用者：

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@Override
public void run() {
    ....
    Exception exception = null;
    Resource<?> resource = null;
    try {
        // 从DISK或者NETWORK加载图片
        resource = decode();
    } catch (Exception e) {
        exception = e;
    }
    // 资源加载结束，回调返回结果
    if (resource == null) {
        onLoadFailed(exception);
    } else {
        onLoadComplete(resource);
    }
}


private Resource<?> decode() throws Exception {
    // stage为cache,直接从cache中获取资源
    if (isDecodingFromCache()) {
        return decodeFromCache();
    } else {
        return decodeFromSource();
    }
}

调用DecodeJob.decodeFromCache()尝试从CACHE中获取资源：

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private Resource<?> decodeFromCache() throws Exception {
    Resource<?> result = null;
    try {
        result = decodeJob.decodeResultFromCache();
    } catch (Exception e) {
        if (Log.isLoggable(TAG, Log.DEBUG)) {
            Log.d(TAG, "Exception decoding result from cache: " + e);
        }
    }

    if (result == null) {
        result = decodeJob.decodeSourceFromCache();
    }
    return result;
}

如果CACHE中并没有发现可用的资源，EngineRunnable进入SOURCE状态：

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private void onLoadFailed(Exception e) {
    if (isDecodingFromCache()) {
        stage = Stage.SOURCE;
        // 通过EngineJob将该执行对象再次执行
        manager.submitForSource(this);
    } else {
        manager.onException(e);
    }
}

// EngineJob: 这一次提交到网络端线程池加载资源
@Override
public void submitForSource(EngineRunnable runnable) {
    future = sourceService.submit(runnable);
}


从网络端下载图片，回调返回结果

调用DecodeJob.decodeFromSource(),从网络端下载图片,并将数据解码成对应格式:

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public Resource<Z> decodeFromSource() throws Exception {
    Resource<T> decoded = decodeSource();
    return transformEncodeAndTranscode(decoded);
}


调用Resource<T>对应的DataFetcher<A>来从网络端加载数据，这里T是一个Bitmap， 而A是一个InputStream数据流；接着讲该输入流转换成相应的Resource<Bitmap>类：

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private Resource<T> decodeSource() throws Exception {
    Resource<T> decoded = null;
    try {
        long startTime = LogTime.getLogTime();
        // 这里的DataFetcher实际上是OkHttpStreamFetcher
        final A data = fetcher.loadData(priority);
        if (Log.isLoggable(TAG, Log.VERBOSE)) {
            logWithTimeAndKey("Fetched data", startTime);
        }
        if (isCancelled) {
            return null;
        }
        decoded = decodeFromSourceData(data);
    } finally {
        fetcher.cleanup();
    }
    return decoded;
}

调用OkHttpStreamFetcher.loadData()加载数据：

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@Override
public InputStream loadData(Priority priority) throws Exception {
    Request.Builder requestBuilder = new Request.Builder().url(url.toStringUrl());

    for (Map.Entry<String, String> headerEntry : url.getHeaders().entrySet()) {
        String key = headerEntry.getKey();
        requestBuilder.addHeader(key, headerEntry.getValue());
    }
    Request request = requestBuilder.build();

    Response response;
    call = client.newCall(request);
    response = call.execute();
    responseBody = response.body();
    if (!response.isSuccessful()) {
        throw new IOException("Request failed with code: " + response.code());
    }

    long contentLength = responseBody.contentLength();
    stream = ContentLengthInputStream.obtain(responseBody.byteStream(), contentLength);
    return stream;
}

这里loadProvider是StreamBitmapDataLoadProvider，而用于资源解码的是StreamBitmapDecoder：

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private Resource<T> decodeFromSourceData(A data) throws IOException {
    final Resource<T> decoded;
    // 默认的磁盘缓存策略是(source,result) = (false, true)
    if (diskCacheStrategy.cacheSource()) {
        decoded = cacheAndDecodeSourceData(data);
    } else {
        // 调用InputStream对应的资源解码器对InputStream进行解密
        decoded = loadProvider.getSourceDecoder().decode(data, width, height);
    }
    return decoded;
}

//StreamBitmapDecoder: 输入流数据进行解码，按照给定的图片尺寸对图片进行比例采样
@Override
public Resource<Bitmap> decode(InputStream source, int width, int height) {
    Bitmap bitmap = downsampler.decode(source, bitmapPool, width, height, decodeFormat);
    return BitmapResource.obtain(bitmap, bitmapPool);
}

至此图片解码完成了，接着要讲Resource<Bitmap>转换成另一种包装类格式GlideBitmapDrawable，因而此时实际返回的是一个GlideBitmapDrawableResource:

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public Resource<Z> decodeFromSource() throws Exception {
    Resource<T> decoded = decodeSource();
    // 大小变换以及转换成另一个类Z
    return transformEncodeAndTranscode(decoded);
}

private Resource<Z> transformEncodeAndTranscode(Resource<T> decoded) {
    long startTime = LogTime.getLogTime();
    Resource<T> transformed = transform(decoded);
    if (Log.isLoggable(TAG, Log.VERBOSE)) {
        logWithTimeAndKey("Transformed resource from source", startTime);
    }
    // 将变换后的结果保存到缓存
    writeTransformedToCache(transformed);
    // 转换成GlideBitmapDrawable
    Resource<Z> result = transcode(transformed);

    return result;
}

回调onLoadComplete(),告知EngineJob资源加载完成了:

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private void onLoadComplete(Resource resource) {
    manager.onResourceReady(resource);
}

回调EngineJob.onResourceReady(),在主线程上处理回调结果：

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class EngineJob implements EngineRunnable.EngineRunnableManager {
    // 用于向主线程发送消息
    private static final Handler MAIN_THREAD_HANDLER = new Handler(Looper.getMainLooper(), new MainThreadCallback());

    @Override
    public void onResourceReady(final Resource<?> resource) {
        this.resource = resource;
        MAIN_THREAD_HANDLER.obtainMessage(MSG_COMPLETE, this).sendToTarget();
    }

    private static class MainThreadCallback implements Handler.Callback {

        @Override
        public boolean handleMessage(Message message) {
            if (MSG_COMPLETE == message.what || MSG_EXCEPTION == message.what) {
                EngineJob job = (EngineJob) message.obj;
                if (MSG_COMPLETE == message.what) {
                    // 资源加载成功
                    job.handleResultOnMainThread();
                } else {
                    job.handleExceptionOnMainThread();
                }
                return true;
            }

            return false;
        }
    }
}

在主线程上处理结果：首先告知Engine资源加载完毕，接着告知所有ResourceCallback，并返回一个含有资源的包装类EngineResource:

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private void handleResultOnMainThread() {
    
    engineResource = engineResourceFactory.build(resource, isCacheable);
    hasResource = true;

    // Hold on to resource for duration of request so we don't recycle it in the middle of notifying if it
    // synchronously released by one of the callbacks.
    engineResource.acquire();
    listener.onEngineJobComplete(key, engineResource);
    // 回调接口在Engine中添加
    for (ResourceCallback cb : cbs) {
        if (!isInIgnoredCallbacks(cb)) {
            engineResource.acquire();
            cb.onResourceReady(engineResource);
        }
    }
    // Our request is complete, so we can release the resource.
    engineResource.release();
}


回忆下最开始调用Engine.decode()的地方GenericRequest，可以看到，ResourceCallback的源头在GenericRequest：

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@SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
@Override
public void onResourceReady(Resource<?> resource) {
    if (resource == null) {
        onException(new Exception("Expected to receive a Resource<R> with an object of " + transcodeClass
                + " inside, but instead got null."));
        return;
    }
    ....
    onResourceReady(resource, (R) received);
}

private void onResourceReady(Resource<?> resource, R result) {
    // We must call isFirstReadyResource before setting status.
    boolean isFirstResource = isFirstReadyResource();
    status = Status.COMPLETE;
    this.resource = resource;
    // RequestListener是用户自己定义的监听接口
    if (requestListener == null || !requestListener.onResourceReady(result, model, target, loadedFromMemoryCache,
            isFirstResource)) {
        GlideAnimation<R> animation = animationFactory.build(loadedFromMemoryCache, isFirstResource);
        // 告知Target资源加载完毕
        target.onResourceReady(result, animation);
    }

    notifyLoadSuccess();
}

调用ImageViewTarget.onResourceReady,将资源加载到ImageView:

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@Override
public void onResourceReady(Z resource, GlideAnimation<? super Z> glideAnimation) {
    if (glideAnimation == null || !glideAnimation.animate(resource, this)) {
        setResource(resource);
    }
}

至此这个图片就加载完成了。相比Piccasso,Glide大量使用了泛型，所以看代码可能比较费力，但是只要搞清楚各个泛型之间的关系，代码之间的逻辑就容易理清了。

原文作者：Jason Wang

更新日期：2022-03-22, 20:10:01

版权声明：本文采用知识共享署名-非商业性使用 4.0 国际许可协议进行许可

CATALOG
  1. 1. 产生图片加载请求
  2. 2. 启动图片加载
  3. 3. 从网络端下载图片，回调返回结果
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